Handeln, Handlung, Aktion, action, ação, acção, acción, agir

action [BTJS  ]
action [ETEM  ]

NT: Action, taking action (Handeln, handeln), 69, 174, 176, 288, also Entanglement; Tranquillization; 294-295, 300, 302, 310, 319, 326; "verbal" kinds of action (Aktionsarten, grammatical), 349. See also Practical; Praxis; Resolution; Situation [BTJS  ]

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O estágio mais elevado do vivente é o homem; a espécie fundamental de seu automovimento é o agir: πραξις. Assim, surge a pergunta: qual é o fundamento determinante, a αρχή, do agir, isto é, do procedimento e da implantação refletidos? O determinante, nesse caso, é a aspiração representacional como tal, ou o aspirado? A aspiração representacional é determinada por meio da representação, ou por meio do desejo? (GA6T1PT  :52)

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That “action,” [Handeln] πραξις, concern [Besorgen] is in itself the concern of the being-there [Dasein] which is concerned. In being involved [Sichumtun] in the world, in dealing [Umgehen] with it, in occupying oneself [Sich abgeben] with other human beings [Menschen], being-there itself, which is involved in this way, is concerned with itself, with its being [Sein]. Being-there as concern is care [Sorge] about itself, for the most part inexplicitly. This basic phenomenon is hidden in the concept of ἕξις – ἕξις as the having of something [Haben von etwas], the mode of being in having [Haben Weise des Seins], the mode of being-positioned in relation to what is had [Gestelltseins zum Ge-habten]. [GA18  :180; GA18MT  :121]

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For this πρᾶξις, it depends on how the one acting [wie der Handelnde], as such, behaves toward himself [sich selbst verhält]. It depends on ἕξις, being-composed [Gefaßtsein] and this πῶς ἔχων of the πράττων, [Eth. Nic. Β 3, 1105 a 30 sq.] the “how” of the “one acting” [das »Wie« des »Handelnden«] is defined in accordance with three aspects:

1. εἰδώς [Eth. Nic. Β 3, 1105 a 31.] – φρóνησις: he must be “knowing,” [wissend] must act in the right “condition of looking around,” [Umsichtigkeit] which is oriented toward the καιρóς with respect to the subject matter.

2. προαιρούμενος, [Eth. Nic. Β 3, 1105 a 31 sq.] he must act from out of himself “on the basis of an actual being-resolved to . . .” [aus einem wirklichen Entschlossensein zu …]

3. Acting in such a way that he is thereby βεβαίως καὶ ἀμετακινήτως ἔχων, [Eth. Nic. Β 3, 1105 a 33.] “stable and not to be brought out of composure [Fassung].” This recalls the determination [Bestimmung] of πάθος as δι’ ὅσα μεταβάλλοντες; [Rhet. Β 1, 1378 a 20 sq.] we are brought out of one frame of mind [Fassung] into another. What is characteristic is not the resulting condition, the having-come-into-another-frame-of-mind [In-eine-andere-Fassung-Gekommensein], but rather the having-lost-composure [Aus-der-Fassung-Sein], being on the way [Unterwegssein] from one state [Zustand] to another, the peculiar unrest [Unruhe] that is given with πάθος itself in relation to φóβος characterized as ταραχή [Rhet. Β 4, 1382 a 21.], “tumult,” [Verwirrung] “getting mixed up.” [Durcheinandergeraten] [GA18MT  :123=124]

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O que se tem em vista com o termo “agir” não é aqui meramente a atividade prática, nem tampouco o agir ético, mas muito mais o todo das relações do homem com o ente e consigo mesmo. [GA6T1PT  :211]

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[seriousness of action] takes hold of reality directly in order to transform it. [GA4  :35]

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Todo agir [Handeln] e todo desempenho [Leisten] só vigem como tais na medida em que e até o ponto em que servem à dotação [Rüstung], à seleção [Züchtung] e à elevação [Steigerung] da vontade de poder [Willens zur Macht]. [GA6T2PT  :28]

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Nenhuma mera ação [Aktion] poderá transformar a situação do mundo [Weltzustand] porque, enquanto operatividade [Wirksamkeit] e operância [Wirken], o ser [Sein] veda o acesso de todos os entes [Seiende] ao acontecimento [Ereignis] do que lhes é próprio. Nem mesmo o sofrimento [Leid] que se abate sobre a terra [Erde] pode provocar uma transformação imediata. É que o sofrimento só consegue ser experimentado passivamente, ou seja, como o que se opõe à ação, e assim com ela integrando o mesmo âmbito essencial da vontade de querer [Willens zum Willen]. [GA7PT  :85-86]

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VIDE: Handeln