GA61: Aristóteles, Lutero e o Idealismo alemão

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WS 1921-1922 Phänomenologische Interpretationen zu Aristoteles: Einführung in die phänomenologische Forschung (WS 1921-1922) [1985] :7-8] [7] Against the scholasticism which was consolidated through the reception of Aristotle Aristoteles
Aristote
Aristóteles
Aristotle Para Heidegger, Aristóteles é com efeito toda a filosofia, por esta razão passou sua vida a situar, demarcar, mensurar, em resumo questionar em sua dimensão mesma de lugar, este lugar comum a toda humanidade. , had passed through further transformations in Scotus and Ockham, and was simultaneously freed up in its vivacity of experience by Tauler’s mysticism, Luther Luther
Lutero Martinho Lutero (1483-1546). "Depois que li [seu] comentário […] da Epístola aos Romanos muitas coisas que pareciam muito confusas e obscuras se tornaram claras e luminosas — compreendo a Idade Média e o desenvolvimento da religiosidade cristã de maneira radicalmente nova" (carta de H a sua esposa em 1919). carried out his religious and theological counter-stroke. In the assimilation and development, as well as, in some cases, the dismissal of the new motives of Lutheran theology, Protestant scholasticism came to be formed. It was immediately nourished, through Melanchthon, by Aristotelian motives as interpreted in a certain way. These dogmatics, bearing essentially Aristotelian directions, constitute the root soil of German Idealism.

In that philosophical epoch, the decisive conceptual structures and the leading nexuses with regard to the apprehension and interpretation of existence are, so to speak, laden with the just-characterized history of the spirit. Every serious investigation into German Idealism and, above all every fundamental grasp of its historical genesis must set out from the theological situation of the time. Fichte Fichte
Johann Gottlieb Fichte JOHANN GOTTLIEB FICHTE (1762-1814) , Schelling Schelling
Friedrich Schelling FRIEDRICH WILHELM JOSEPH SCHELLING (1775-1854) , and Hegel Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) were theologians, and Kant Kant Emmanuel Kant (Immanuel en allemand), 1724-1804, é um dos autores de predileção de H., um daqueles do qual mais falou. can be understood only in terms of theology, unless we would make of him the mere rattling skeleton of a so-called epistemologist. For any interpretation, we must remain conscious of the methodological significance of these nexuses, at least as admonitions to prudence. Here, and everywhere in the investigation of our spiritual history, Dilthey Dilthey WILHELM DILTHEY (1833-1911) foi para H uma figura central, dos anos de formação até a publicação de Ser e Tempo onde o §77 é uma homenagem solene. possessed a sure instinct, but he had to work with insufficient methodological and conceptual means, and these precisely blocked his path to a radical formulation of the problems. Such nexuses in the history of the spirit must not now seduce us to further considerations. We need to pass on to what is decisive.